Ameliorating quercetin constraints in cancer therapy with pH-responsive agarose-polyvinylpyrrolidone -hydroxyapatite nanocomposite encapsulated in double nanoemulsion

Despite quercetin (QC) promising features for cancer therapy, low solubility, poor permeability, and short biological half-life time significantly confine its application in therapy. In this study, a novel approach is developed to improve loading efficiency attain sustained-release concurrently. direction, hydrogel nanocomposite of agarose (AG)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) was loaded with QC. Incorporating HAp nanoparticles the AG-PVP improved up 61%. Also, interactions between nanoparticle, drug, polymers rendered pH-responsive at acidic conditions controlled burst release neutral conditions. Then, QC-loaded encapsulated into water oil nanoemulsions further sustain drug release. As result, QC prolonged-release over 96 h observed. more detail, according Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model, mechanism anomalous (diffusion-controlled) pH 7.4 transport (dissolution-controlled) 5.4. The presence all components confirmed FTIR analysis, XRD results approved incorporation fabricated nanocomposite. homogeneous surface FESEM images showed good compatibility components. zeta potential analysis stability nanocarriers. Besides, AG-PVP-HAp-QC platform significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells compared as free (p < 0.001) quercetin-loaded (AG-PVP-QC) enhanced apoptosis induction after addition HAp. Accordingly, delivery ameliorated QC, well anticancer activity by releasing an effective therapeutic level long period induce apoptosis. Thus, turning system candidate biomedical applications.